ABSTRACT
Introduction: Educational sector in Malaysia had been severely affected by COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the erratic nature of COVID-19 cases in Malaysia for the past two years, teaching style has shifted back and forth between home-based teaching and learning (PdPR) sessions and face-to-face teaching. Teachers must be prepared for any unanticipated shifts that occurred throughout the pandemic due to the implementation of movement control orders that resulted in school closures. Thus, this study aims to measure the depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life among Malaysian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Between March 21st and June 1st, 2021, 391 teachers completed Google form questionnaires containing the DASS-21, SF-36, and socio-demographic data, which were distributed online via WhatsApp, Telegram, Twitter, and Facebook. Results: : According to the findings of this study, most teachers (55.5 %) were anxious, followed by depression (39.9 %) and stress (27.6 %). Depression, anxiety, and stress were all statistically related to age (p<0.05), marital status (p<0.01), and the number of children (p<0.05). When it came to quality of life, teachers had the highest physical functioning score about 86 but the lowest vitality at 62.3. All domains of quality of life were found negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress (p<0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the depression, anxiety, and stress among the Malaysian teachers. To improve teachers’ well-being and mental health, effective policies, guidelines, and planning, as well as massive resources and support from administrative authorities, would be necessary. © 2022 UPM Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The erosion in Malaysia has brought attention to many authorities especially the coastline in the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Although the erosion in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia does not receive as much attention as the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia, however, the issue should not be neglected. High spatial resolution satellite imageries were used for the extraction of coastline and classification level of erosion rate along with the Pulau Tuba. The coastline data was extracted using two different methods known as Maximum Likelihood (ML) and On-Screen Digitizing (OSD) in the determination of the best approach of coastline detection from the Sentinel-2 data of the year 2016 and 2019. Furthermore, the level of erosion is made based on the physical and economic parameters outlined by the National Coastal Erosion Study 2015 (NCES). Due to some inevitable constraints of Movement Control Order by the Malaysian government due to the COVID-19 pandemic, physical observation data of Pulau Tuba were collected via Google Maps. The information acquired includes type of coastal geomorphology, land use, development on the area, activities conducted, and adaptation of erosion if any. These data were utilized to determine the erosion rate and categories using the proposed model by NCES for five divided management units (MU) of the Pulau Tuba areas utilizing Erdas Imagine and ArcGIS software. The analysis found that the ML approach has under-detected the coastline length between 3.19% to 45.0% as compared to OSD for both years of 2016 and 2019. Rate of erosion for Pulau Tuba based on the NCES approach found that the highest erosion rate occurred at the MU1 (Pulau Dayang Bunting- Pulau Tuba causeway) with 2.91% and classified as K1 (critical erosion category) with a value of 4.39 m/yr-1and the highest accretion rate at the MU3 with 3.06%. The critical erosion category was associated with the MU that has significant development and on-going activities that occurred in the area especially in MU 4 (Pulau Tuba) and MU 5 (Teluk Berembang). Other than that, the high number of erosions occurred in that section is due to the exposure of waves, wind, currents, and tides. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.